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COP30 Draft Deal Drops Fossil Fuel Commitments Amid Opposition from Oil-Producing Nations
Negotiators at the COP30 UN climate summit in Belém, Brazil, have removed all references to fossil fuels-the primary driver of climate change-from the latest draft agreement, as talks enter their final phase. The move follows resistance from oil-producing nations, sparking backlash from countries pushing for stronger climate action.
Opposition from Oil-Producing Nations
An earlier version of the text proposed three pathways to reduce fossil fuel dependency, but the updated draft omits these entirely. Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations are reportedly leading the opposition, according to a source close to the negotiations. The BBC has sought comment from Saudi officials.
French Environment Minister Monique Barbut identified Russia, India, and Saudi Arabia as key blockers, alongside several emerging economies. She suggested that small island states-among the most vulnerable to climate impacts-might accept a diluted deal if it includes increased financial support for adaptation.
"At this point, even if we don't have the roadmap, but at least a mention of the fossil fuels, I think we would accept it. But as it stands now, we have nothing left."
Monique Barbut, French Environment Minister
UK and Allies Reject Weakened Proposal
A coalition including the UK published a letter condemning the revised draft, calling it a "take it or leave it" proposal. The group emphasized the need for a "just, orderly, and equitable transition away from fossil fuels." Brazil's President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and other leaders have also advocated for stronger commitments.
Negotiating Tactics and Broader Challenges
Observers suggest the removal of fossil fuel language may be a strategic move to escalate pressure and force compromise. The COP process, often criticized for its complexity and delays, has historically yielded progress in areas like renewable energy, electric vehicles, and nature conservation-though implementation remains uneven.
Finance and Deforestation Disputes
The draft calls for tripling climate finance by 2030 but leaves unclear whether funds should come from wealthy nations or private sources-a point of contention for developing countries. Last year's COP29 deal was widely criticized as insufficient by poorer nations.
Deforestation, a critical issue given the summit's Amazon location, also saw weakened language in the draft. Kelly Dent of World Animal Protection called the omission "shattering," noting its impact on indigenous communities and wildlife.
"For a COP hosted in the Amazon, it's shattering that deforestation is taking a back seat. The wildlife and indigenous people who call the forest their home deserve better than this."
Kelly Dent, Director of External Engagement, World Animal Protection
Summit Disruptions
The two-week event faced two evacuations: first, when protesters stormed the venue with signs reading "Our forests are not for sale," and later, after a fire caused 13 smoke inhalation injuries and a six-hour closure.
Despite controversies, COP30 has been noted for its record inclusion of indigenous delegates, reflecting growing recognition of their role in climate solutions.
