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Brazil's deadliest police raid questioned as targets evade capture
New evidence challenges claims that Brazil's deadliest police operation successfully dismantled a major criminal gang, as none of the 121 fatalities-including four officers-matched arrest warrants, and key leaders remained at large.
The October 28 raid in Rio de Janeiro's Alemão and Penha neighborhoods, involving 2,500 officers, targeted the Comando Vermelho (Red Command), a gang controlling a nine-million-square-meter area. Governor Claudio Castro called it a "success," citing over 100 seized rifles, but critics highlight its 121 deaths and lack of high-profile arrests.
No suspects matched arrest warrants
A BBC Brasil investigation found no overlap between the deceased and the 68 names on prosecutors' arrest lists. Even the gang's top leader, Edgar Alves de Andrade (Doca), evaded capture. Residents reported seeing armed gang members resurface within 24 hours of the operation, with daily life unchanged.
"Early reports stated the goal was to capture high-ranking leaders. By that metric, it is fair to say the operation failed."
Carlos Schmidt-Padilla, University of California, Berkeley
Gang's grip on favelas remains intact
Comando Vermelho enforces brutal rules, monopolizing utilities like gas, internet, and transport. Residents pay 30% more for gas and face restrictions on ride-hailing apps. Even clothing choices are policed: in 2020, Chelsea jerseys were banned due to a rival gang's association with the number three.
Punishments for infractions-such as theft or filming gang activity-include amputations, burnings, or executions. Domestic violence cases are "judged" by gang members, often resulting in beatings or death. A 2020 video leak in Rocinha led to threats of torture against those responsible.
Political fallout and public reaction
While human rights groups labeled the raid a "massacre," Governor Castro's approval rating surged to 47%-higher than President Lula's-following the operation. Lula announced a federal investigation, but Castro vowed to continue raids, stating:
"Law-abiding citizens can't take it anymore. Rio has fought back-and the whole of Brazil is fighting back with us."
Claudio Castro, Governor of Rio de Janeiro
What's next
Despite criticism, Castro plans further operations. Analysts warn the raid's "negligible" impact on Comando Vermelho's control suggests deeper systemic failures in Rio's security strategy.
