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New study explores menstrual blood for HPV detection
A novel method for cervical cancer screening-testing menstrual blood-could offer a less invasive and more accessible alternative to current procedures, according to researchers. The approach, which involves analyzing blood collected on a sanitary pad, may help address low attendance rates in traditional screening programs.
Current screening challenges
The UK's National Health Service (NHS) currently invites women and individuals with a cervix aged 25 to 64 for screening every five years. The test, conducted by a clinician, checks for high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cervical cancer. However, one-third of those invited do not attend, with five million people overdue for their appointment.
Barriers include fear, discomfort, past trauma, physical disabilities, and cultural factors. Groups such as younger women, LGBT+ individuals, and those from ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected, according to health officials.
"Cervical screening can be difficult for some women for many reasons, including bad past experiences, menopause, disabilities, or cultural barriers," said Athena Lamnisos, CEO of The Eve Appeal, a cervical cancer charity.
How the new test works
Researchers in China developed a method where menstrual blood is collected on a cotton strip attached to a standard sanitary pad. The sample is then analyzed for HPV in a laboratory. A study published in The BMJ, involving over 3,000 women aged 20 to 54, found the approach nearly as effective as clinician-collected samples in detecting HPV.
The team described the method as "convenient," respecting privacy and reducing discomfort. Participants received results via a dedicated mobile app.
Limitations and expert reactions
While the findings are promising, experts caution that the test is not yet ready to replace existing screening. Only individuals who menstruate could use it, and the study's accuracy may have been overestimated, as not all participants underwent confirmatory biopsies.
Sophie Brooks, health information manager at Cancer Research UK, called the research "encouraging" but emphasized the need for further studies in more diverse populations to assess its role in screening programs.
"People have different barriers to screening, so offering a choice of methods could be very positive for those who currently don't attend," Lamnisos added.
NHS expands at-home testing
The NHS has already begun sending DIY vaginal swab kits to women in parts of England who have missed multiple screening appointments. These kits will be rolled out more widely later this year, aiming to improve participation rates.
Anyone testing positive for HPV would still require a follow-up colposcopy-a procedure using a magnifying device to examine the cervix for pre-cancerous cells.
