Ask Onix
Pollen season now lasts longer due to climate shifts
People with hay fever are enduring symptoms for up to two weeks longer than in the 1990s, a global study reveals. Rising temperatures have stretched the pollination period of key allergenic plants across Europe.
Key findings from the research
A team of 65 scientists analyzed data spanning three decades and found that three common European trees-birch, alder, and olive-now release pollen one to two weeks earlier than they did between 1991 and 2000. The study, published in Lancet Public Health, attributes the shift to climate change.
"We're observing an earlier start to pollination in both northern and southern Europe," said Professor Joacim Rocklöv from the University of Heidelberg, one of the report's authors. He noted that further research is needed to determine whether climate change is also increasing pollen concentrations or intensifying symptoms.
Impact on daily life
For millions of sufferers, hay fever is more than a seasonal nuisance. Anne Biggs, deputy head of clinical services at Allergy UK, explained that symptoms can disrupt work, sleep, and academic performance. "Some teenagers and young adults see their exam grades drop due to active hay fever," she said.
Pollen can also exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma. Dr. Samantha Walker, director of research and innovation at Asthma and Lung UK, warned that inflamed airways can lead to life-threatening attacks or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) flare-ups.
Managing symptoms
While there's no cure for hay fever, over-the-counter medications can provide relief. Professor Stephen Till, an allergy specialist at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals in London, recommends a "cocktail approach" combining:
- Antihistamines to block allergic reactions
- Nasal sprays to reduce inflammation
- Eye drops to soothe irritation
"These treatments are safe for most people-just consult a pharmacist for advice," he added.
Practical prevention tips
Pharmacist Ashley Cohen from Leeds advises good hygiene to minimize exposure. "Pollen clings to skin and clothing, so shower and change clothes after being outdoors," he said. He also cautioned that pets can carry pollen indoors.
The NHS recommends:
- Keeping windows closed during high-pollen days
- Using petroleum jelly around nostrils to trap pollen
- Wearing wraparound sunglasses to protect eyes
Avoiding:
- Drying laundry outside
- Mowing lawns or walking in grassy areas
When to seek help
"Ninety percent of hay fever cases can be managed with over-the-counter treatments," Cohen said. However, those with severe symptoms may need specialist care, though wait times for referrals are lengthy.
Professor Adam Fox, an allergy expert, highlighted gaps in healthcare provision. "Specialist services and GP knowledge about allergies aren't where they should be," he said. For the worst-affected patients, immunotherapy-gradual exposure to pollen to build tolerance-may be an option.
